![]() The gears themselves are not fixed to the output shaft, but freewheel. Reverse gear is usually on a fourth shaft to effect a change in direction. In four-wheel drive and all-wheel drive vehicles, the output shaft connects to the transfer case first. ![]() The output shaft connects the countershaft to the driveshaft and eventually the wheels. The countershaft is constantly meshed with the input shaft and has multiple gears. The input shaft connects to the engine, via the clutch. Different gear ratios are often referred to as “speeds,” so a “six-speed” manual transmission has six forward gear ratios.Īt its simplest, the manual transmission consists of three shafts with constantly-intermeshed gears of different sizes. Lower gear ratios offer more torque, but less speed, while higher gear ratios offer less torque, but higher speed. What Is a Manual Transmission?īasically, a manual transmission is a gear box that enables the driver to choose between different gear ratios to drive the car. The Benz Patent Motorwagen had a single-speed manual transmission with no reverse, but most of today’s manual-transmission vehicles are equipped with at least four or five forward gear ratios, and some vehicles are available with six- and seven-speed manual transmissions. Additionally, because the internal combustion engine is most-efficient and most-powerful at different speeds, multiple gear ratios are necessary to extract the most usable power or best fuel economy, depending on driver demand. Still, since the engine was so small, it was an acceptable compromise.Įventually, with the development of more powerful engines, multiple gear ratios were required, reducing the jerky takeoff and enabling higher speeds and even a reverse gear. The vehicle would lurch forward as soon as the single drive belt was engaged, and speed was slightly variable, depending on engine speed, but going even faster would damage the engine. It worked, but the Benz Patent Motorwagen offered a slow and jerky ride. When the first automobile was built, the tiny engine was connected directly to the driveshaft.
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